Facebook Instagram X Youtube
Saturday, June 6, 2026
Facebook Instagram X Youtube
Home Blog Page 1175

Three Women Dressed In Burqa Entering Nellayappar Temple In Tirunelveli Sparks Controversy

By
The Commune
-

Images of three women dressed in Islamic-style burqa inside Tirunelveli’s Nellayapar temple went viral on social media, sparking controversy.

Nellaiappar Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to the deity Shiva, located in Tirunelveli, a city in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Shiva is worshipped as Nellaiappar (also called Venuvananathar) represented by the lingam and his consort Parvati is worshipped as Kanthimathi Amman. The temple is located on the northern banks of the Thamirabarani River in the Tirunelveli district. The presiding deity is revered in the 7th-century Tamil Saivite literary work, the Tevaram, written by Tamil sage poets known as the Nayanmars and the temple is hence classified as ‘Paadal Petra Sthalam’.

On 5 February 2023, three Muslim women dressed in burqa entered the temple at around 11:15 AM and went around the Shiva and Amman shrines.

Despite the fact that there are separate dress codes for men and women inside the temple, neither the police nor the HR&CE staff prevented the Muslim women from entering the temple.

Hindu Munnani State Secretary Kutraalanathan reported the incident to the temple office and the local police, who are now investigating the incident using CCTV footage.

On their official Twitter handle, Hindu Munnani said,”None of the temple staff even asked how they can enter the temple with black veil. When the Hindu Munnani functionaries came to know the information and arrived at the spot, the persons wearing the black veilss came out of the temple and started running without stopping. Why the person came, what they brought, and what they did is still a mystery.”

The Hindu Munnani also alleged that the women in black veil went up to the sanctum sanctorum (moolasthanam) and even took pictures of various places inside the temple.

Hindu Munnani leaders have decided to stage a protest in front of the temple to condemn the incident and the HR&CE officials’ failure to protect the temple’s sanctity.

Click here to subscribe to The Commune on Telegram and get the best stories of the day delivered to you personally.

Kerala Budget 2023: Left Govt Continues Trend Of Keeping The Poor Poorer

By
Anand Krishna
-

The Kerala government is facing a heavy backlash from the general public after they presented the budget for the financial year 2023-24 recently. The budget marked a continued trend of deteriorating financial condition of the state and how government has tried to shift this burden on to the poor people instead of finding novel methods to manage the situation. As the Pinarayi Vijayan government enters in to its 7th year of governance, this article will look in to why budget 2023 is a representation of fiscal mismanagement of Kerala by communist government and why it is an anti-poor document keeping with the trend of robbing the poor?

A Blueprint To Encash The Poor

The State Budget has adopted an anti-poor approach charting out novel methods to rob the poor. Opposition parties in Kerala also has staged protests in different parts of Kerala on Saturday against the LDF government’s budget proposal to impose cess on petrol, diesel and liquor. Considering the fact that while Centre slashed excise duty of ₹13 on petrol and ₹16 on diesel last year. Kerala has reduced ₹1 at the same time. This year, they have increased ₹2. The Kerala government is also facing a heavy backlash from the general public after they presented the budget for the financial year 2023-24 on Thursday. As per the citizenry of Kerala, the increase in cess on petrol and diesel will lead to a huge price hike. The prices of daily necessities have more than doubled in Kerala. The ‘robbing’ effect of the budget was also well articulated by Shashi Tharoor who is inspiring to get a foothold in Kerala politics. Speaking to ANI, Tharoor said, “It is an extremely disappointing budget. The Budget is unfortunately exploiting the common man. Because the government seems to have no imagination, no idea how to generate revenue.” “Instead of promoting more revenue-generating activities, all they are trying to do is tax people. An extra cess on fuel…₹2 per litre for petrol and diesel. Also, more primitive tax on alcohol where there is already the highest tax on alcohol in the entire country,” he said. The Congress leader said taxes and cesses on everything have an inflationary effect. “When you put ₹2,000 crore to control inflation, it makes no sense at all. So, it is a deeply disappointing budget. If this budget is for say a school exercise, you will get a failure mark,” Tharoor said.

Instead of taking apt measures to collect the tax gap of over ₹70,000 crore and declaring austerity measures to better fiscal position, the government has dug into the pockets of the poor and the middle-class who are already burdened by the financial crisis. The budget has disappointed the public by imposing huge burden on them at the same time not giving them back anything in return. 

A State In Fiscal And Social Decline

“A state which was famous for its welfarism and governance model has now become a paradise for corrupt communist which has left Kerala in a state of mismanagement.”

Kerala is in an extremely bad financial situation. The debt of Kerala government has climbed to almost ₹4,00,000 crore and small Kerala has surpassed most of the Indian states in this debt situation. The debt/GDP ratio is at 37% and a recent RBI report titled ‘State finances: A risk analysis’ indicates dark days ahead for the state. The major reason for the crisis is the inefficient handling of the fiscal situation by the successive Pinarayi Vijayan government. Being a consumption state with no visible major industries to bring in revenues, the state is solely dependent on tax revenues and money pumped in by expats. In 2017, the state had relaunched an ambitious off-budget infrastructure development scheme under the Kerala Infrastructure Investment Fund Board (KIIFB), essentially aimed at circumventing the budgetary loan taking restrictions imposed by the Kerala Fiscal Responsibility Act under the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003. The source of KIIFB will be cess on petrol, motor vehicle tax, loans, and grants from the government. After six years, KIIFB has turned out to be failure. 962 projects worth ₹75,000 crore were announced, but only projects worth Rs 6,300 crore have been completed by February 2022. Projects worth ₹20,000 crore are in early stages of completion. The Comptroller and Auditor General of India in a report later declared that all off-budget borrowings form an integral part of state finances, thus landing all KIIFB projects in a self-created mess.

The Kerala welfare model is also failing. It looks like Kerala is quickly losing out to other states in an area where it was perennially considered a model: social welfare spending. That Kerala’s status as the country’s pre-eminent welfare state has long taken a beating was revealed in Reserve Bank of India’s latest study ‘State Finances: A Study of Budgets of 2022-23’. Kerala’s social sector expenditure in 2004-05, which was 36.2 per cent of its total expenditure, was the fourth highest in the country. Only the newly formed states of Chattisgarh and Jharkhand, which were formed in 2000 specifically to improve social sector spending, had better figures: Chattisgarh (37.7 per cent) and Jharkhand (44 per cent). The small north eastern state of Tripura, too, had spent more (37.6 per cent). Kerala was then beacon of welfarism. A decade and a half later, by 2020-21 Kerala’s rank fell steeply to 21. Now, almost all other states spend more on social services than Kerala. However, it is the fall in education spending that will have a bearing on Kerala’s future. Kerala’s expenditure on education has not even stagnated in the last one-and-a-half decades. It has fallen. From 16.6 per cent in 2004-05, it dropped to 11.4 per cent in 2020-21. There is not much cheer in public health spending, too. In 2004-05, by spending 4.9 per cent of its total expenditure, Kerala was the eighth highest spender on public health. Kerala is at 13th position in the country.

Kerala is rotting fast both fiscally and socially and this is being reflected in numbers. A state which was famous for its welfarism and governance model has now become a paradise for corrupt communist which has left Kerala in a state of mismanagement.

Click here to subscribe to The Commune on Telegram and get the best stories of the day delivered to you personally.

Instances When DMK Ministers Attacked People

By
Vallavaraayan
-

Tamil Nadu Chief Minister MK Stalin while speaking at the DMK General Committee meeting held in October 2022 said that he wakes up every morning hoping that his partymen do not create any fresh trouble for the day.

His anguish is reasonable as his Ministers have brought bad reputation for his government because of their personal conduct in public.

And this objectionable attitude of DMK Ministers have continued even after their chief warning them. In fact, if earlier the Ministers brought in disrepute through their words, they have now gone a step ahead.

Here is a list of  DMK Ministers who have hit their own partymen or common people in full public view.

KN Nehru

Tamil Nadu Minister for Municipal Administration KN Nehru was seen hitting a party worker on stage.  The incident was reported from Salem, Tamil Nadu, where DMK workers had gathered to welcome Chief Minister Stalin’s so  Udhayanidhi Stalin, the newly appointed sports minister.

However, Tamil media and certain journalists attempt to trivialise these incidents by either making absurd interpretations or failing to publish the news itself.

Earlier on January 10, a video surfaced on social media showing DMK Minister KN Nehru slapping a DMK ward councillor on the head during a government welfare programme in Trichy.

https://twitter.com/Muthuhere3/status/1612454972842708994?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1612454972842708994%7Ctwgr%5Ea4e9a0e5e42876a6e647c37ef4e419ebc33d1981%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fthecommunemag.com%2Fdmk-min-kn-nehru-slaps-councilor-in-full-public-view%2F

SM Nasar

DMK Minister for Milk and Dairy Development SM Nasar was caught on camera on Tuesday losing his cool and throwing a stone at a party worker, allegedly over a delay in bringing chairs.

The DMK minister was in charge of preparations at a venue in Tiruvallur where Chief Minister M K Stalin is scheduled to speak at a public meeting on Wednesday as part of the DMK’s ‘Veera Vanakkam Naal’ event.

Nasar became enraged at the worker for allegedly taking the time to get him a chair. The minister can be heard yelling at the worker in the video.

Earlier, while speaking at an event, Nasar was seen punching a man with his elbow for accidentally stepping on the mic wire. As Minister was giving a speech, a man was trying to move on the stage when he accidentally stepped on the wire, causing the microphone to fall down. Angered over this, the DMK minister lost his temper and elbowed him on the back and continued his speech.

KKSSR Ramachandran

A middle-aged woman who had approached DMK Minister KKSSR Ramachandran seeking old age pension for her mother was hit on the head by the Minister with the petition paper she had given him.

However,  the media in Tamil Nadu had tried to cover the incident in favour of the Minister stating claiming that he hit her in a ‘friendly way’. It was reported that the woman who approached him, was the Minister’s relative and that he had only nudged her and did not hit.

Palanivel Thiagarajan

Tamil Nadu Finance Minister PTR Palanivel Thiagarajan called a commoner on social media a ‘dolt’ and a person with ‘unwarranted-privilege-hardened skull’ while responding to the person on the ‘baby-shower’ controversy, where the Finance Minister allegedly skipped the GST Council meeting at Lucknow to attend a baby shower ceremony organized in his constituency

In another instance, Palanivel Thiagarajan stooped to a new low by uttering words unbefitting of a Minister. He said “Dude… I crap bigger than you.” and went on to call the netizen a ‘scum’, ‘cultist’ and ‘minion’ who had taken a jibe at the collapse of Lehmann Brothers where Palanivel Thiagarajan worked.

While Stalin has been mouthing about Dravidian Model of ‘social justice’ on every platfirmm, these instances of DMK Ministers talking and behaving in such objectionable manner shows a deeply entrenched feudal mindset.

Click here to subscribe to The Commune on Telegram and get the best stories of the day delivered to you personally.

Divine And Discrimination Cannot Go Together Tweets Sadhguru As Dalits Enter The Muthumariamman Temple For The First Time In 80 Years

By
The Commune
-

“#Divine and discrimination cannot go together. It is a disgrace that even in a place of the Divine, we discriminate among human beings. We should not even be thinking about who is a #Dalit and who is not. Congratulations to Thenmudiyanur village,” tweeted Sadhguru after the Dalits entered and worshipped inside the Muthumariamman temple for the first time in 80 years.

For the past 80 years, Dalits were not allowed to enter the Muthumariamman temple in Thenmudiyanur village of Tiruvannamalai district. Subsequently, Dalit people belonging to the area complained about this to the District Collector.

Following this, last week, in the presence of the Tiruvannamalai District Collector and police officers, Dalits entered and worshipped inside the Muthumariamman temple for the first time in 80 years.

At Isha, people from all walks of life, without any discrimination, can visit Dhyanlinga, Linga Bhairavi, and other consecrated spaces. Everyone can offer milk and water at Dhyanlinga on the new moon and full moon days.

(This is an official press release from Isha Foundation. The Commune was not involved in creating this content.)

Click here to subscribe to The Commune on Telegram and get the best stories of the day delivered to you personally.

Thaipusam Festival In Linga Bhairavi: Hundreds Of Women Join Mulaipari Yatra

By
The Commune
-

Thaipusam festival was celebrated with much fanfare at Linga Bhairavi in Isha. Hundreds of women devotees carrying mulaipari on their heads came walking from Kallipalayam on a pilgrimage to Linga Bhairavi for darshan. Local villagers and pilgrims across India and abroad participated, beyond any caste or religious discrimination.

The men walking with Karagam were followed by a procession of chariot decorated with the image of Linga Bhairavi Devi made of Mulaipari itself. The pilgrimage started at 6.30 am from Kallipalayam next to Alandurai and reached Linga Bhairavi at noon. On the way, the villagers at various places, including- Alandurai, Madhavarayapuram, Iruttupallam, and Semmedu, gave a warm welcome.

Thaipusam is celebrated not only in Tamil Nadu but also in various Indian states. Thousands of women across India observed Shivanga Sadhana for 21 days. The sadhana culminated at Linga Bhairavi today by offering coconuts, grains, and ghee deepams at Linga Bhairavi temple.

(This is an official press release from Isha Foundation. The Commune was not involved in creating this content.)

Click here to subscribe to The Commune on Telegram and get the best stories of the day delivered to you personally.

Pak-Origin British Islamic Preacher Detained In Telangana, Mass Islamic Event Cancelled

By
The Commune
-

Following complaints filed against Muhammad Saqib bin Iqbal Shaami, a British Islamic preacher with Pakistan links, the Warangal Police reportedly stopped him from attending the scheduled religious event and sent him back.

International Islamic Scholar Saqib Iqbal Shami, born in Pakistan Occupied Kashmir and is said to have residence in Karachi. He reportedly acquired citizen of Britain, and was supposed to attend an event at the Azam Jahi Mill grounds on Saturday (4 February 2023). The event was to be attended by BRS MLA Nannapuneni Narender as well. Saqib Iqbal Shami has been in India since January 26 to attend religious events in various cities including Delhi, Mumbai and Bangalore.

Earlier, The Commune had reported about the Pakistani-origin British Islamic preacher attending a mass Islamic congregation in Warangal which is a violation of Indian visa norms. Legal Rights Protection Forum (LRPF), an organization working in the field of national security, had filed a complaint with the Ministry of Home Affairs detailing his visa rule violation and alleged anti-India activities.

LRPF in its complaint note that he is interfering in Indian internal policy matters. He is one among the 120 Islamic scholars from the United Kingdom who wrote a letter to Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressing dissatisfaction and displeasure over the abrogation of Article 370.

He had participated in a mass Islamic religious event at Aligarh Muslim University, Uttar Pradesh on 2 February 2023. In his social media post he termed it as the “biggest political, cultural, social & Islamic gathering of all time”.

After his Warangal programme came to light, the Warangal unit of the Vishwa Hindu Parishat (VHP) also lodged a complaint with Warangal Police Commissioner urging them to prevent the Islamic preacher Saqib Iqbal Shami’s tour that is in violation of Indian Visa provisions following which he was detained.

 

As per the latest report, the official Facebook page of the Saqib Iqbal Shami has removed all the posters linked with his Indian tour.

Click here to subscribe to The Commune on Telegram and get the best stories of the day delivered to you personally.

Madurai Bar Council Advocates Write To Collegium In Support Of Victoria Gowri

By
The Commune
-

On Friday, more than 100 advocates from the Madras high court’s Madurai bench wrote to the Supreme Court collegium in support of the recommendation to appoint advocate Lekshmana Chandra Victoria Gowri as a Madras High Court judge. The representation is also signed by some Senior Advocates like K. Balasundharam, K.P.S.Palanivel Rajan and S. Srinivasa Raghavan, the President of the Madurai Bench of Madras High Court Bar Association.

The advocates wrote to the collegium after a group of Chennai-based lawyers urged President Droupadi Murmu to reconsider the collegium’s recommendation to elevate Gowri. The advocates claimed that Gowri, as a BJP leader, gave several anti-minority speeches.

The advocates stated in their representation to President Murmu on Friday that Gowri, who is currently working as an assistant solicitor general of India at the Madurai bench, has worked hard and contributed to the upholding of the law. Several advocates who worked directly as members or office-bearers of political parties have been appointed as judges across India, and many have been appointed judges of the Madras high court despite being district secretaries or office-bearers of Tamil Nadu’s leading political parties.

The collegium was pleased to recommend her name based on input from central and state government agencies. A group of advocates from various political parties is attempting to interfere with the administration of justice and the appointment of judges for no reason other than political animosity. This should be avoided at all costs.

According to the advocates, it is important to note that in the past, many advocates with political affiliations were appointed judges and performed their duties well and impartially. It is also assumed that Gowri will perform her duties as a judge.

“We humbly request to reject the claim of a group of lawyers to withdraw the recommendations of the collegium relating to the appointment of Mrs. L. Victoria Gowri.”, the representation reads.

“It is to be considered that based on the inputs from the state and the central government like Special Branch Police, Intelligence Bureau, and as well from the candidates, the Hon’ble Collegium was pleased to recommend her name. Now without any valid reasons, except political vendetta and political animosity, a group of advocates belonging to some political factions is directly trying to interfere with the administration of justice and administration of judges.”, the representation says.

Click here to subscribe to The Commune on Telegram and get the best stories of the day delivered to you personally.

“PTR Targets Brahmin Women Journalists”: Independent Journalist Alleges

By
The Commune
-

Independent journalist Sandhya Ravishankar has leveled serious allegations against Tamil Nadu Finance Minister Palanivel Thiagarajan, including being a racist and casteist.

In her interview with the Youtube Channel Pesu Tamizha Pesu, she said, “I released a report based on my field research on the 40 constituencies a few months before the May 2021 Tamil Nadu assembly elections. PTR and I had a good relationship until the report was released. I was the first to interview PTR for the Huffington Post, even before he was announced as a candidate for the 2016 election, because he had a solid background as an investment banker and wanted to do something for Tamil Nadu politics. He used to respond to my messages.”

She added, “However, he was dissatisfied with the survey’s findings in the southern region, particularly in the DMK Poongothai Aladi Aruna constituencies, where people said they would vote for the BJP instead of the ADMK and DMK. It all started after that.  Then we did another article on the Pollachi incident, where we interviewed a victim who claimed that she was not sexually abused, but that several others were. PTR used a line from the story out of context to claim that we were supporting the Pollachi rapists. PTR even referred to me as an apologist of Pollachi rapists. Despite my efforts to explain, he ignored me and began targeting me. He even blocked me after calling me a scum.”

She further said, “Later, he was regularly targeting Malini Parthasarathy (of The Hindu group). PTR will not talk about what Malini madam says; instead, PTR will target her caste. If you disagree with my viewpoint, you can disregard it by blocking me. Why is he referring to us as cultists? If we look at the pattern of attack by PTR, we can see that he only targets Brahmin women journalists. It started with me, then Malini Parthasarathy, who is constantly targeted by PTR, and recently Chandra Srikanth of Moneycontrol, who is not even a reporter in Tamil Nadu.”

She went on to say, “When Karunanidhi was Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, he never abused a journalist, despite that many negative articles were written about him by the journalists.”

She asked sternly, “How many times you know PTR has called Malini Parthasarathy a ‘Cultist’. Can we call him ‘Pannaiyaar’ if he refers to us as ‘cultists’? Will PTR call Malini a cultist if she is born in Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe? If PTR is offended by our viewpoint, he should inform us politely. Who gave him the authority to abuse us? Is this the Dravidian model? As English journalists, Malini, Chandra Srikanth, and I have a better vocabulary than PTR. Do you want us to descend to PTR’s level?”

She further added, “There is a problem with his upbringing, in my opinion. Being in a powerful position, how dare he speak like that? Because of his feudal mindset, he used filthy words against everyone. People say that he studied in the US. Will the US finance minister speak like PTR? PTR is in a respectable position. He must not act like an IT wing troll.”

She ended by saying, “PTR has no right to talk about me. He knows absolutely nothing about me. He is unaware of my family or my difficulties. How dare he say such a thing? I raised the issue with international press organizations such as the Committee to Protect Journalists. As women in this field, we already face numerous challenges. Nobody paved the way for us. we fought and we have come up. A state finance minister doing this is setting a bad precedent. Only someone with a fascist mentality would do it.”

Click here to subscribe to The Commune on Telegram and get the best stories of the day delivered to you personally.

Farmers’ Monthly Income Jumps To ₹10,218 In 2018-19 From ₹6,426 In 2012-13: NSO Survey

By
The Commune
-

National Statistical Office (NSO), Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) conducted a Situation Assessment Survey (SAS) of Agricultural Households during NSS 77th round (January 2019- December 2019) with reference to the agricultural year July 2018- June 2019 in the rural areas of the country. Similar survey was also conducted during 70th round by NSO. As per result of SASs, the average monthly income per agricultural household during 2012-13 and 2018-19 is given below.

PeriodAverage Monthly Income (in ₹)
2012-13

(70th Round)

 6,426
  2018-19

(77th Round)

10,218

This information was given by the Union Minister of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Narendra Singh Tomar in a written reply in Rajya Sabha on 3 February 2023.

(Published from PIB)

Pak-Origin British Islamic Preacher Violates Indian Visa Norms By Indulging In Mass Religious Preaching, Complaint Filed

By
The Commune
-

A complaint has been filed against a Pakistani-origin UK citizen named Muhammad Saqib bin Iqbal Shaami alias Saqib Iqbal Shami, for alleged anti-India activities and violating Indian visa norms by indulging in mass religious preachings.

Also known as Saqib-Ul-Qadri Shami, he is touring India and organizing Islamic religious events in various cities. As a part of his schedule, he will attend a massive religious event in Azam Jahi Mill Grounds, Warangal as a chief guest and principal speaker on 4 February 2023.

He had participated in a mass Islamic religious event at Aligarh Muslim University, Uttar Pradesh on 2 February 2023.

In his social media post he termed it as the “biggest political, cultural, social & Islamic gathering of all time”.

In another social media post, Saqib Iqbal Shami revealed that he has a residence in Karachi, Pakistan. According to Legal Rights Protection Forum, he is possibly holding Pakistan citizenship parallelly. “If this is the case, it is a matter of grave concern for India’s safety, security and sovereignty.”, the organization working in the area of national security said.

LRPF in its complaint note that he is interfering in Indian internal policy matters. He is one among the 120 Islamic scholars from the United Kingdom who wrote a letter to Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi expressing dissatisfaction and displeasure over the abrogation of Article 370.

“Given the above circumstances and the most serious matter, we humbly request you to take preventive steps to stop his event scheduled in Warangal and take action against him and the sponsors/organisers of the event under relevant sections of the Foreigners Act, 1946. We also request you blacklist him to prevent his further entry into India.”, LRPF said in its complaint to the Ministry of Home Affairs.

The Union Ministry of Home Affairs, in its reply under the Right to Information Act, has made it clear that the Government of India does not issue visas to religious preachers who desire to visit India to participate in religious campaigns and religious activities.

The Ministry of Home Affairs, in its another RTI reply, vide File No. RTI/46/2015-F-1 dated 2 October 2015 stated that there is no visa category for foreign nationals intending to visit India to attend religious program, and foreign nationals entering India on the strength of a Tourist Visa are not allowed to preach and propagate his religion in India.

A tourist visa can only be used for non-business purposes, such as tourism or visiting family and friends. Even if one holds a missionary visa, the person cannot use it for proselytizing activities and can only join a missionary organization approved by the Government of India for which the organization must receive a certificate indicating it is compliant with the Foreign Contributions Regulatory Act.

Later, on several occasions, the same has been reiterated by the Ministry of Home Affairs that foreigners are not allowed to be involved in Tablighi or religious activities in India.

Click here to subscribe to The Commune on Telegram and get the best stories of the day delivered to you personally.

1...1,1741,1751,176...1,886Page 1,175 of 1,886
TheCommune
The Commune is a news and views portal focusing on social and political issues of the southern part of India with a focus on Tamil Nadu.
Contact us: thecommune.news@gmail.com
Facebook Instagram X Youtube

NATIONAL NEWS

AAP Proxy CJP Protest Turns Out To Be Massive Flop

AAP Proxy CJP Protest Turns Out To Be Massive Flop

The Commune - 0
For weeks, the Cockroach Janta Party (CJP) ecosystem built up the June 6 'protest' as a make-or-break moment. Social media influencers hyped it. Opposition...
© The Commune 2025. All Rights Reserved.