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Madras High Court Issues Notice To Govt On PIL Challenging DMK-Era HR&CE Amendments Governing Temple Lease Rents

Madras High Court Issues Notice On PIL Challenging DMK-Era HR&CE Amendments Governing Temple Lease Rents

The Madras High Court has issued notice to the Tamil Nadu Government and the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments (HR&CE) Department on a Public Interest Litigation challenging the amendments made to the Fixation of Lease Rent for Properties of Hindu Religious Institutions Rules, notified through G.O. Ms. No. 29 dated 14 January 2026.

The PIL contends that the amended rules contain several inconsistencies and violate the statutory framework governing temple properties.

The challenge comes amid growing legal scrutiny over four major amendments introduced by the previous DMK government to the Tamil Nadu Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments (HR&CE) Act, 1959, and the rules framed under it during the final months preceding the 2026 Assembly elections.

Four Amendments Under Challenge

The four amendments relate to:

  • Amendment to Section 35 of the Tamil Nadu HR&CE Act, 1959 through L.A. Bill No. 40 of 2025;
  • The Alienation of Immovable Properties of Religious Institutions Rules, 2025, notified through G.O. Ms. No. 478 dated 1 December 2025;
  • Amendments to the Religious Institutions (Custody, Investments and Lending or Borrowing of Moneys) Rules, 1963, notified through G.O. Ms. No. 83 dated 17 February 2026; and
  • Amendments to the Fixation of Lease Rent for Properties of Hindu Religious Institutions Rules through G.O. Ms. No. 29 dated 14 January 2026.

Section 35 Amendment Awaiting Assent

Among the changes is the proposed amendment to Section 35 of the HR&CE Act through L.A. Bill No. 40 of 2025.

The Bill proposes expanding the purposes for which trustees may utilise temple funds. Under the proposed amendment, temple funds could be spent on activities such as training institutions, religious propagation, development of temple properties, educational institutions and other purposes considered beneficial to devotees.

However, the amendment has not yet come into force, as it is awaiting the assent of the Governor of Tamil Nadu.

Alienation Rules

The Alienation of Immovable Property of Religious Institutions Rules, 2025, notified through G.O. Ms. No. 478 dated 1 December 2025, amended the framework governing the alienation of temple properties.

Investment Rules Already Before Court

The amendments to the Religious Institutions (Custody, Investments and Lending or Borrowing of Moneys) Rules, notified through G.O. Ms. No. 83 dated 17 February 2026, have already been challenged before the Madras High Court.

The amended rules permit temple funds to be invested not only in scheduled commercial banks and cooperative banks but also in specified State-owned non-banking financial companies (NBFCs), including the Tamil Nadu Power Finance and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited and the Tamil Nadu Transport Development Finance Corporation Limited.

Following the challenge, the present State Government has provided a sovereign guarantee for temple deposits invested with the Tamil Nadu Power Finance and Infrastructure Development Corporation. The matter is expected to be heard again in the coming weeks.

Lease Rent Rules Before High Court

The latest PIL challenges the amendments to the lease rent rules governing temple properties, arguing that the revised framework suffers from legal inconsistencies and statutory violations.

Taking cognisance of the petition, the First Bench of the Madras High Court has issued notice to the State Government and the HR&CE Department seeking their response.

Senior Advocate Sankaranarayanan and Advocate B Jagannath represented the matter before the High Court.

It remains to be seen whether Chief Minister C Joseph Vijay and HR&CE Minister S Ramesh would review the amendments introduced by the previous DMK government to the Tamil Nadu HR&CE Act and the Rules and withdraw or repeal the amendments that are detrimental to Hindu temples and their administration.

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NHRC Seeks Action Taken Report From Telangana Govt, MHA Over Complaint Against US Christian Missionary Org Agape Intl Inc For Allegedly Exposing HIV-Positive Indian Orphans’ Identities For Fundraising

US-NGO-Agape-Intl-Inc-Allegedly-Exposed-HIV-Positive-Indian-Orphans-Identities-For-Fundraising-Complaint-Filed-With-NHRC

The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) has taken cognisance of a complaint by NGO watchdog Legal Rights Protection Forum alleging serious human rights violations involving Hyderabad-based Agape Orphanage and its US-based parent organisation, Agape International Inc., and has directed the Telangana Government, Telangana Police and the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) to submit an Action Taken Report (ATR) within two weeks.

The Commission, acting under Section 12 of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, observed that the allegations made in the complaint prima facie appeared to disclose violations of the human rights of the victims.

According to the complaint, Agape International Inc. and its associated Agape Orphanage in Hyderabad allegedly publicly disclosed the identities, photographs, HIV status and personal stories of HIV-affected orphan children on websites and fundraising platforms, thereby violating the children’s privacy, dignity and confidentiality.

The complaint also alleged serious child protection concerns, including previous reports that children at the orphanage had been forced to clean septic drains, regulatory lapses in granting permissions despite earlier controversies involving the institution, and the continued involvement of Agape International Executive Director Lynne Marie Voggu in child welfare activities despite reported criminal proceedings against her.

The complainant sought an independent inquiry into the allegations, registration of an FIR, removal of the children’s personal information from online platforms, investigation into possible violations of child rights and HIV confidentiality laws, and appropriate action against the individuals and authorities found responsible.

Taking note of these allegations, the NHRC directed the Chief Secretary and the Director General of Police (DGP), Telangana, to inquire into the complaint and initiate the process for registration of an FIR, if warranted.

The Commission also directed the Joint Secretary of the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act (FCRA) Wing in the Ministry of Home Affairs to examine whether any provisions of the FCRA had been violated by the organisation.

Further, the NHRC instructed all the concerned authorities to submit an Action Taken Report within two weeks for the Commission’s consideration and also directed that a copy of the report be forwarded to the designated email address of the Commission’s Bench.

The matter will now proceed based on the reports submitted by the Telangana Government, Telangana Police and the Ministry of Home Affairs regarding the allegations raised in the complaint.

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“Tirupati A Place Where Hindus Who Know Least About Hinduism Go, No Great Architecture”, Says Foul-Mouthed Dravidian Model DMK Simp Nilakantan Aka Puram Known For Abusing Hindus And India

'Tirupati Isn't Religiously Important; It's Where Hindus Who Know Least About Hinduism Go', Says Rabid India/Hindu-Hater, Foul-Mouthed Dravidian Model Simp Nilakantan Aka Puram

Tirupati is in the news now especially after Mukesh Ambani’s son Anant Ambani made a visit and tonsured his head at the Tirumala Sri Venkateswara Swamy temple.

This seems to have riled up some rabidly anti-Hindu characters on social media.

Among those posting irrelevant and ignorant comments is R.S. Nilakantan, better known by his online alias Puram.

Quoting the video, he wrote, “The purpose of shaving off one’s hair as an offering is to not have stylised features that attract attention on oneself. How does someone claim to be Hindu, not know that, and retain a stylised beard when offering hair at Tirupati of all places?”

He further claimed, “Also Tirupati is where the Hindu who knows least about Hinduism goes. It’s neither religiously important nor does it have great architecture. It’s the closest thing Hinduism has to the American version of Christianity: a personal God.”

He further went on to attack Ambani by saying, “It’s remarkable how illiterate almost all Hindus are on their own theological tenets. Or ritual practices. This guy grew up in a household that could afford books. Or a library. Surely at least one bored Sunday he would have flipped through S Radhakrishnan’s work?”

Why Puram’s Statements Do Not Hold 

Puram’s assertions, however, overlook both the theological significance and historical standing of the Tirumala Sri Venkateswara Temple.

His claim that Tirupati is “where the Hindu who knows least about Hinduism goes” is a sweeping generalisation unsupported by any evidence. Every year, the temple attracts millions of devotees from across India and the world, including Vedic scholars, acharyas, monks, spiritual leaders, philosophers, public figures and ordinary devotees. The current seer of the Kanchi Math in Kanchipuram, Pujyashri Shankara Vijayendra Saraswathi Swamigal, makes routine annual pilgrimages up the mountain. There is no basis to conclude that devotion at Tirumala reflects ignorance of Hinduism.

The assertion that Tirupati is “neither religiously important” is also contrary to centuries of documented Hindu tradition. The Tirumala temple is among the most sacred shrines in the Sri Vaishnava tradition and is revered as one of the 108 Divya Desams. Over the centuries, it has received patronage from Pallava, Chola, Pandya and Vijayanagara rulers, with philosophers such as Ramanujacharya playing an important role in shaping its rituals and traditions. Saints including Annamacharya composed thousands of devotional hymns dedicated to Lord Venkateswara, underscoring the temple’s enduring place in Hindu religious life.

Puram’s suggestion that Tirupati resembles “the American version of Christianity” because of its emphasis on a “personal God” also reflects a misunderstanding of Hindu philosophy. The worship of a personal deity (Saguna Brahman) has been a central feature of several Hindu traditions including Vaishnavism, Shaivism and Shaktism for well over two millennia. Bhakti, or personal devotion to God, is deeply rooted in Hindu scriptures such as the Bhagavad Gita, the Bhagavata Purana, the Ramayana, the Mahabharata and the devotional literature of the Alvars and Nayanmars. It is therefore inaccurate to portray devotion to Lord Venkateswara as a modern or Westernised phenomenon.

His criticism of Anant Ambani for retaining his beard after tonsuring his head also overlooks the actual practice followed at Tirumala. The offering of hair (mokku or kesha samarpana) is an act of surrender and gratitude to Lord Venkateswara. Temple customs require the shaving of the head; they do not prescribe the shaving of facial hair. Thousands of male devotees undergo tonsure while retaining moustaches or beards, and there is no requirement in the temple’s established ritual practice that facial hair must also be removed.

Finally, the insinuation that someone who visits Tirupati or expresses devotion to Lord Venkateswara is theologically illiterate confuses scholarship with faith. Hinduism has always accommodated multiple paths – bhakti (devotion), jnana (knowledge), karma (action) and yoga, none of which is regarded as inherently superior to another. Visiting one of Hinduism’s holiest pilgrimage centres is not evidence of ignorance; for millions, it is an expression of faith rooted in a tradition that spans centuries.

Who Is Nilakantan RS (‘Puram’)?

Nilakantan RS is a polarizing figure whose rhetoric frequently targets Indian national symbols, communities, and leadership. His commentary includes:

Caste Hatred: In 2015, he called for violence against upper castes, tweeting, “If everyone picked up a gun and shot the nearest upper caste person, they’d be doing society a favor.”

Anti-National Sentiments: He has advocated for India’s military defeat by China to cure “ugly jingoism” and made derogatory remarks about the Indian Army.

Extreme Rhetoric: His posts have included calls for the assassination of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and the bombing of North Indians.

Misogyny: In a previous online avatar as ‘Nilu’, he was associated with deeply misogynistic and perverse blog posts.

Despite this record, Nilakantan has been courted by sections of the political and media establishment. He has written for outlets like The Wire and The Caravan, been hosted on podcasts by The News Minute’s Dhanya Rajendran, and was publicly endorsed by DMK leader and former Tamil Nadu Finance Minister PTR Palanivel Thiagarajan, who promoted his book South Vs North: India’s Great Divide.

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Anti-Hindi DMK Propaganda Film Parasakthi Director Sudha Kongara Files Case Against Dawn Pictures Over ₹8.39 Crore Unpaid Dues

Anti-Hindi DMK Propaganda Film Parasakthi Director Sudha Kongara Moves Madras High Court Over ₹8.39 Crore Unpaid Dues, Claims Film Earned ₹100 Crore

Distortionist film director Sudha Kongara has approached the Madras High Court seeking interim relief over the alleged non-payment of ₹8.39 crore due to her as remuneration for directing the Tamil film Parasakthi. The petition has been filed under Section 9 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act against Dawn Pictures, the production house behind the film, as reported in Bar and Bench.

Kongara has sought the Court’s intervention, contending that despite the release of Parasakthi and the raising of invoices, a substantial portion of the agreed remuneration remains unpaid.

She has also sought an interim injunction restraining the release of Dawn Pictures’ upcoming film Idhayam Murali, scheduled to hit theatres on July 10, until her outstanding dues are cleared.

The matter came up before Justice K. Kumaresh Babu, who directed that there shall be no satellite release of Parasakthi until July 8.

The Court also directed Dawn Pictures to file its counter affidavit by July 7 in response to Kongara’s plea seeking to restrain the theatrical release of Idhayam Murali.

Appearing on behalf of the director, her counsel submitted that under the agreement executed between the parties, Kongara was entitled to a total remuneration of ₹15 crore. With Goods and Services Tax (GST) payable separately, the total amount due came to ₹17.70 crore.

According to the submissions, Dawn Pictures has so far paid only ₹9.31 crore, leaving an outstanding balance of ₹8.39 crore.

Kongara’s counsel argued that the agreement clearly recorded that she had assigned the entire intellectual property rights relating to Parasakthi to the producers. Despite receiving the benefit of those rights and releasing the film, the production house had allegedly failed to pay the full contractual consideration.

The Court was also informed that while Dawn Pictures claimed financial inability to settle Kongara’s dues, it was simultaneously proceeding with the release of another film, Idhayam Murali.

Her counsel further submitted that the producers themselves had publicly declared Parasakthi a commercial success, claiming that it had earned ₹100 crore at the box office, yet had allegedly failed to honour their contractual payment obligations.

Explaining why the petition had been filed before the release of Idhayam Murali, Kongara’s counsel told the Court, “They should not come at that point of time and say that you are coming at the back end of the release. That is why I have come much in advance.”

It was clarified during the hearing that Parasakthi has already been released on an OTT platform and that Kongara was not seeking to restrain its digital release. Her request for interim relief is confined only to preventing the satellite television release of the film until the payment dispute is resolved.

The matter has been posted for further hearing on 8 July 2026.

Parasakthi was an anti-Hindi, pro-DMK propaganda film directed by Sudha Kongara and produced by Dawn Pictures, starring Sivakarthikeyan, Ravi Mohan, Atharvaa and Sreeleela. Released in January 2026, the film collapsed in just three days at the box office.

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Kerala High Court Allows Fresh FIR In Sabarimala Gold Theft Probe As SIT Alleges New Evidence Against Former TDB President

Kerala High Court Allows Fresh FIR In Sabarimala Gold Theft Probe As SIT Alleges New Evidence Against Former TDB President

The Kerala High Court has permitted the Special Investigation Team (SIT) probing the alleged Sabarimala gold theft to register a fresh criminal case after being informed that new evidence had emerged against former Travancore Devaswom Board (TDB) president P.S. Prashanth in connection with the 2025 replating of the temple’s Dwarapalaka (guardian deity) idols, as reported in The New Indian Express.

A Division Bench comprising Justice Raja Vijayaraghavan V and Justice K.V. Jayakumar directed the SIT to either register a separate case relating to the 2025 replating or incorporate its findings into the ongoing investigation concerning the alleged loss of gold during the 2019 replating process.

“It is for the Special Investigation Team to carry the investigation forward with all diligence and vigour and, if the materials so warrant, either register a fresh crime in respect of the transaction relating to the year 2025 or file a further report in the Dwarapalaka case,” the Bench observed.

The Court further instructed the SIT to pursue the investigation comprehensively until its logical conclusion.

“Every endeavour shall be made to ensure that no stone is left unturned in unearthing the truth and bringing all those found responsible to justice, in accordance with law,” the Bench added.

SIT Probe Into Alleged Gold Misappropriation

The Special Investigation Team had earlier been constituted pursuant to directions issued by the Kerala High Court to investigate two separate cases involving the alleged disappearance of gold from the Dwarapalaka idols and the gold-plated doorframes of the Sreekovil (sanctum sanctorum), which were removed and transported to Chennai for replating in 2019.

During Monday’s hearing, Investigating Officer S. Sasidharan submitted a detailed status report informing the Court that the investigation had uncovered evidence suggesting that the alleged conspiracy extended beyond the originally accused individuals and involved additional Travancore Devaswom Board officials and members.

According to the SIT, the Dwarapalaka idols, originally covered with gold in 1998, were transported to Chennai in 2019 at the instance of the prime accused, Unnikrishnan Potty.

The investigation alleges that during the replating process, the original gold covering was removed. While only a small quantity of gold was allegedly required for fresh plating, the remaining gold was purportedly misappropriated.

The SIT further alleged that despite the poor quality of the replating work, a certificate claiming a 40-year warranty was issued in an attempt to prevent suspicion regarding the work carried out.

However, the gold plating reportedly deteriorated within a few months, exposing the copper surface beneath.

Alleged Conspiracy To Conceal Earlier Gold Loss

According to the investigation, after the deterioration of the plating became evident, the accused allegedly entered into another criminal conspiracy to transport the idols to Chennai once again in 2025 under the pretext of carrying out fresh gold plating.

The SIT alleges that this exercise was intended to conceal the alleged misappropriation of gold that had occurred during the 2019 replating.

The investigation further claims that after P.S. Prashanth assumed office as Travancore Devaswom Board president in November 2023, Unnikrishnan Potty allegedly gained his confidence and persuaded him to facilitate a proposal for the fresh replating of the idols.

According to the SIT, members of the Travancore Devaswom Board approved the decision to transport the idols once again despite allegedly being aware that the proposal violated provisions of the Devaswom Manual as well as earlier directions issued by the High Court.

The agency alleges that the decision was part of a larger effort to conceal the earlier misappropriation.

The SIT also claimed that communications exchanged between the accused persons and Board officials indicated that certain officers and Board members were aware that Unnikrishnan Potty continued to possess the balance quantity of gold removed from the idols during the 2019 replating.

Instead of taking corrective measures, the investigation alleges that they colluded to conceal the alleged theft and misappropriation.

SIT Names Several Individuals

The investigation team informed the High Court that it had collected what it described as “overwhelming material” establishing the alleged involvement of several individuals, including:

  • Executive Officer Murari Babu
  • Sponsor Unnikrishnan Potty
  • Smart Creations proprietor Pankaj Bhandari
  • Former Travancore Devaswom Board president P.S. Prashanth
  • Board member Advocate A. Ajikumar
  • Sabarimala Thantri Kandararu Rajeevaru
  • Thiruvabharanam Commissioner Rejilal

According to the SIT, the acts allegedly committed by these individuals disclose offences including criminal breach of trust, forgery and criminal conspiracy, warranting prosecution under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS).

Investigation Continues Against Others

The High Court noted that the role of several other individuals remains under investigation.

These include former Board member Sundareshan, TDB Secretary Bindhu, Thantri Mahesh Mohanararu, former Thiruvabharanam Commissioner Sunila, Executive Officer O.G. Biju, Administrative Officer Sreenivas, Assistant Executive Officer Hemanth, Ballari-based jeweller Pandurangaiah Naga Govardhan and former Executive Officer V.S. Rajendra Prasad.

The Bench directed that if sufficient evidence emerges against any of them, the SIT should take appropriate legal action, including filing supplementary reports wherever necessary.

Expert Reports Still Awaited

The SIT informed the Court that expert reports from the National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML), Jamshedpur, and the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) are still awaited.

The investigation team sought additional time to complete the probe after receiving these scientific reports.

The Court was also informed that the investigation into the alleged loss of gold from the Sreekovil has been completed and that only the filing of the final report remains.

Prashanth Responds

Reacting to the High Court proceedings, former Travancore Devaswom Board president P.S. Prashanth described the development as “unexpected” and said he would decide his future legal course after consulting legal experts.

“There are no allegations relating to the 2025 replating except that it was carried out without obtaining the court’s permission. We followed all the prescribed procedures while sending the idols for replating,” he told reporters.

Prashanth also maintained that the Board headed by him had no prior knowledge of any alleged disappearance of gold during the earlier replating process.

He further stated that under his leadership, the Travancore Devaswom Board had ultimately decided not to send the Dwarapalaka idols to Chennai through Unnikrishnan Potty in 2025.

The High Court has posted the matter for further hearing on 20 July 2026, by which time the SIT is expected to update the Court on the progress of its investigation.

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Madras High Court Quashes Corruption Case Against Three HR&CE Officials In Temple Funds Case

Madras High Court Fines HR&CE Commissioner ₹50,000 For Failing To File Oversight Report Of Temple-Run Schools kanchipuram

The Madras High Court has quashed criminal proceedings against three officials of the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments (HR&CE) Department who were accused in a corruption case involving the alleged misappropriation of temple funds through forged bills, as reported in Bar and Bench.

Justice G.K. Ilanthiraiyan allowed separate petitions filed by S. Rameshkumar, N. Kuttalam and A. Mohana Kumar, seeking to quash the criminal proceedings pending against them before the Chief Judicial Magistrate Court in Nagercoil.

The case stemmed from allegations that a Deputy Commissioner-cum-Executive Officer of the HR&CE Department at the Suchindram temple, along with several others, had fraudulently siphoned off temple funds by creating forged bills for Paditharam and Thiruvizha (temple festival) expenses incurred between 2004 and 2006.

The three petitioners had been arrayed as accused numbers 5, 8 and 12 in the case. They were charged under the Prevention of Corruption Act as well as various provisions of the Indian Penal Code, including Sections 409 (criminal breach of trust), 465 (forgery), 468 (forgery for the purpose of cheating), 471 (using forged documents as genuine), 477A (falsification of accounts), and 120B (criminal conspiracy).

According to the prosecution, fake bills were allegedly prepared to claim reimbursement for temple festival-related expenses. Based on these fabricated bills, cheques were issued, countersigned and encashed. The prosecution further alleged that the cashier withdrew the money and that the misappropriated funds were subsequently distributed among the accused.

However, the petitioners denied any involvement in the alleged conspiracy.

They argued before the High Court that the entire case revolved around the first accused, who had allegedly prepared the forged bills and related records. The petitioners contended that there was no evidence to establish that they had either fabricated the bills or participated in the alleged misappropriation of temple funds.

It was also submitted that some of the accused had been compelled and threatened into signing the bills as though they had incurred expenses for temple festivals.

One of the petitioners, who served as a cashier, argued that his role was limited to encashing the cheques and handing over the money strictly in accordance with the directions given to him, without any involvement in the preparation of the alleged forged documents.

After examining the case records, the High Court observed that witness statements indicated that the bills and supporting records had been prepared by the first accused. The Court also noted that several shop owners, whose names had allegedly been used in the fabricated bills, had informed investigators that the disputed bills had not been issued by their establishments.

Despite these findings, the Court held that there was no material connecting the three petitioners to the alleged offences.

“Therefore, in order to substantiate the charges, there is absolutely no oral and documentary evidence as against the petitioners,” the Court said.

The Court further observed that compelling the petitioners to undergo a full criminal trial despite the absence of evidence would amount to an abuse of the judicial process.

“The continuance of proceedings as against the petitioners would tantamount to malafide and abuse of process of law forcing the petitioners to undergo the rigorous of the trial,” the Court held.

Accordingly, Justice G.K. Ilanthiraiyan quashed the criminal proceedings against S. Rameshkumar, N. Kuttalam and A. Mohana Kumar.

At the same time, the Court directed the Chief Judicial Magistrate Court in Nagercoil to continue the trial against the remaining accused in accordance with law.

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DMK MP TR Baalu Withdraws ₹100 Crore Defamation Suit Against Annamalai Over DMK Files Allegations

DMK MP TR Baalu Withdraws ₹100 Crore Defamation Suit Against Annamalai Over DMK Files Allegations

DMK MP TR Baalu has withdrawn the ₹100 crore defamation suit he had filed against We The Leaders founder and former BJP leader K. Annamalai over allegations made in the latter’s “DMK Files” series, which accused several DMK leaders of amassing disproportionate wealth, as reported in Tamil ABP Live.

The civil suit had been pending before the Saidapet Court in Chennai since 2023. Baalu had sought ₹100 crore in damages, alleging that Annamalai’s statements had tarnished his reputation by making false and defamatory allegations against him and his family.

According to reports, both parties held discussions outside the court and decided to resolve the matter amicably, following which Baalu withdrew the petition.

Background Of The Case

In 2023, while serving as the Tamil Nadu BJP president, Annamalai released a dossier titled “DMK Files”, alleging that several senior DMK leaders and their families had amassed enormous wealth through corruption and misuse of office.

As part of those allegations, Annamalai claimed that TR Baalu owned 21 companies and that he and his family had accumulated assets worth more than ₹10,000 crore. He further alleged that several of Baalu’s companies were linked to various irregularities.

Denying the allegations, Baalu approached the Chennai Saidapet Court seeking ₹100 crore in compensation, contending that the accusations were false and had damaged his public image and reputation.

Annamalai Personally Cross-Examined Baalu

A notable development during the proceedings came when Annamalai personally cross-examined T.R. Baalu during the trial.

Initially, Baalu’s counsel cross-examined Annamalai. Subsequently, during the hearing held on 17 February, Annamalai himself questioned the DMK leader.

During the cross-examination, Annamalai referred to an earlier interview allegedly given by former Union Minister and senior DMK leader M.K. Alagiri.

He asked Baalu, “When you were the Union Minister for Shipping in 2014, former Union Minister M.K. Alagiri stated in an interview that you had purchased 10 ships. Do you remember that? He also alleged in that interview that while serving as Union Minister, you misused your authority to purchase 10 fishing vessels for personal gain under the guise of implementing the Sethusamudram Project.”

Responding to the questions, Baalu said, “Neither M.K. Alagiri nor Annamalai knows what the Sethusamudram Project actually is.”

Annamalai immediately followed up by asking whether Baalu had filed a defamation case against Alagiri over those allegations.

In response, Baalu stated, “It is not true that I alone purchased ships. Only two ships were purchased.”

According to reports, Annamalai continued posing a series of questions during the hearing. Baalu then requested that the proceedings be adjourned, stating that he had several responsibilities as a Member of Parliament and sought another date for the continuation of the cross-examination.

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‘Rule Of Law Flows From Dharma, Not The West’: CJI Surya Kant Says India Has Been Guided By Dharma For Thousands Of Years

'Rule Of Law Flows From Dharma, Not The West': CJI Surya Kant Says India Has Been Guided By Dharma For Thousands Of Years

Rejecting the notion that the Rule of Law and judicial independence are concepts borrowed from the West, Chief Justice of India (CJI) Surya Kant on Monday asserted that the supremacy of Dharma over personal, political and dynastic power has been a defining feature of Indian civilisation for thousands of years, long before the emergence of the common law tradition, as reported in LiveLaw.

The CJI made the remarks while delivering the keynote address on “Safeguarding the Rule of Law: Experiences from India and Sweden” at an event organised by International IDEA in Sweden.

Addressing an international audience, Justice Surya Kant challenged the widespread academic perception that constitutional principles such as judicial independence and the Rule of Law were post-colonial concepts introduced to countries in the Global South.

“It is frequently presumed by many academics and legal scholars that the Rule of Law and Judicial Independence are purely Western, post-colonial imports gifted to the Global South. In the Indian consciousness, institutional integrity and the absolute supremacy of Dharma, which comprises the cosmic, ethical, and legal order, over personal or dynastic power, are ancient principles with roots stretching back thousands of years before the arrival of the common law,” Chief Justice of India Surya Kant said.

Mahabharata Illustrates India’s Ancient Judicial Ethos

To illustrate his argument, the CJI recounted an episode from the Mahabharata involving King Prahlada, his son Virochana and the scholar Sudhanva.

According to the narrative, King Prahlada was called upon to adjudicate a life-and-death dispute involving his own son. Despite the personal consequences, the king ruled in favour of Sudhanva after concluding that truth and justice took precedence over familial loyalty.

“The sages remarked that when a judge abandons the truth, it is not merely a litigant who suffers, but also the very moral order upon which the entirety of civil society rests,” the CJI said while narrating the episode.

Justice Surya Kant said the incident demonstrated that Indian civilisation had recognised the necessity of insulating judges from personal, political and dynastic pressures long before modern constitutional doctrines such as the separation of powers or judicial independence were formally articulated.

Judicial Review Is A Constitutional Duty

The Chief Justice stressed that judicial review is not merely a constitutional power but an obligation imposed upon the judiciary by the Constitution.

He said the Indian judiciary has consistently ensured that the Rule of Law remains “not an abstract constitutional promise but a lived and undeniable reality for every citizen.”

According to the CJI, India’s constitutional framework clearly distributes responsibilities among the Legislature, Executive and Judiciary, with the judiciary serving as the principal constitutional safeguard against excesses by the other two branches.

“Courts, by definition, cannot be mere spectators in the constitutional order. They must remain vigilant guardians of constitutional supremacy, ensuring that no exercise of public power escapes the sustained discipline of law,” he said.

He added that judicial review functions as a corrective mechanism whenever any constitutional organ departs from its assigned constitutional role, while emphasising that maintaining the Rule of Law requires a careful equilibrium among all three branches of government.

Basic Structure Doctrine A Landmark Constitutional Contribution

Justice Surya Kant described the Basic Structure Doctrine, evolved by the Supreme Court in the landmark Kesavananda Bharati judgment, as one of the Indian judiciary’s most significant constitutional contributions.

According to him, the doctrine established that the Constitution possesses a fundamental identity which cannot be destroyed even through constitutional amendments, with the principle of separation of powers forming an inseparable part of that identity.

The Chief Justice also referred to the Supreme Court’s judgment in S.R. Bommai, noting that it elevated federalism and democracy to the status of basic structure principles and laid down that an elected government cannot be dismissed unless it loses its majority on the floor of the House.

Constitutional Safeguards Protect Judicial Independence

Highlighting the constitutional architecture that protects judicial independence, Justice Surya Kant pointed to several institutional safeguards embedded within the Constitution.

These include the separation of the judiciary from the executive, constitutional protection preventing legislative criticism of judges for their judicial conduct, and financial autonomy secured through the Consolidated Fund of India.

He also referred to the evolution of the Collegium system, under which appointments to the higher judiciary are predominantly made by judges themselves.

PIL Revolution Expanded Access To Justice

The CJI highlighted the transformative role played by Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in democratising access to justice.

Tracing its evolution from the landmark S.P. Gupta judgment, he said the Supreme Court liberalised the traditional doctrine of locus standi, enabling public-spirited individuals to approach courts on behalf of disadvantaged and marginalised sections of society.

He further referred to the Court’s practice of exercising epistolary jurisdiction, under which letters and even newspaper reports have been treated as writ petitions in appropriate cases.

Landmark Judgments Strengthened Fundamental Rights

Surveying the Supreme Court’s constitutional jurisprudence over the decades, Justice Surya Kant referred to several landmark decisions that have expanded the scope of fundamental rights.

These included:

  • Hussainara Khatoon, which recognised the right to a speedy trial;
  • Maneka Gandhi, which expanded the doctrine of due process;
  • Francis Coralie Mullin, affirming the right to live with dignity;
  • Olga Tellis, recognising the right to livelihood;
  • Bandhua Mukti Morcha, addressing bonded labour;
  • Union of India v. K.A. Najeeb, where the Court held that prolonged incarceration violating the right to a speedy trial could justify granting bail despite statutory restrictions.

Court Also Advanced Environmental Protection And Electoral Reforms

Justice Surya Kant also highlighted the Supreme Court’s contribution to environmental jurisprudence, noting that it developed important legal doctrines such as absolute liability, polluter pays, the precautionary principle, and the public trust doctrine.

He further referred to judgments that strengthened India’s electoral democracy by mandating greater disclosure by candidates and recognising free and fair elections as an integral component of the Constitution’s basic structure.

On gender justice, the Chief Justice cited the Court’s recent directions aimed at increasing women’s representation in Bar Councils, the landmark Vishaka guidelines against workplace sexual harassment, and judgments expanding women’s reproductive autonomy.

Judicial Activism Must Be Balanced By Judicial Restraint

Concluding his address, Justice Surya Kant emphasised that while the judiciary has an obligation to protect constitutional values, judicial activism must always operate within constitutional limits.

“The Supreme Court has consistently recognised that the Rule of Law is preserved only when the Judiciary honours its own institutional boundaries while holding other branches to theirs. The Court does not sit as a second appellate authority or a super-executive over the complex technical and socio-economic choices made by any of the other organs of the State,” he said.

The Chief Justice concluded that the preservation of the Rule of Law depends not only on the judiciary’s willingness to uphold constitutional principles but also on its discipline in respecting the constitutional boundaries that define its own role within India’s democratic framework.

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‘I Remain A Strong Nationalist, ‘I Am An Indian First, Always’: Annamalai

Annamalai's Exit From BJP Finalized As Per Reports

Former Tamil Nadu BJP president K Annamalai has broken his silence on his exit from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), saying differences over the party’s functioning in Tamil Nadu, decision-making from Delhi and the need for stronger regional leadership prompted him to launch his new political movement, “We, The Leaders.”

In his first interview since leaving the BJP and unveiling the movement, speaking to Times of India, Annamalai reflected on his political journey, his relationship with the BJP leadership, the rise of Vijay’s TVK, the defeat of the DMK, the future of AIADMK, and his vision for a new political culture in Tamil Nadu.

Annamalai said he joined the BJP on 25 August 2020 and described his tenure as one that helped him evolve both politically and personally.

“I remain a strong nationalist and believe in India’s unity, while also believing states should independently compete and grow. I had many responsibilities which helped me grow, evolve as a better human being. I will be always grateful to BJP for giving me those opportunities,” he said.

Explaining why he quit the BJP, Annamalai said he had been contemplating the move for nearly one-and-a-half years.

“For nearly one-and-a-half years, I was reflecting on the best way to serve people. I felt we were losing focus. In BJP, I felt, the pathway to leadership in Tamil Nadu was stuck for many people. There was a bit of divergence, vision mismatches. I believe a party should stand on its own legs, cultivate grassroots leaders and put Tamil Nadu first,” he said.

He added that he wanted younger leaders to emerge and believed the BJP’s Tamil Nadu unit required a clearer long-term direction.

On what he described as the “vision mismatches” with the BJP, Annamalai said one of his principal concerns was centralised decision-making.

“The first was decision-making. Tamil people feel decisions are made from Delhi. For the sake of Tamil Nadu, I don’t think that is good politics. Second, I wanted Tamil Nadu to get the attention it deserves. Third, each state individually should have strong regional grassroots leaders, so that India remains strong as a plural nation. I have no complaints against BJP, but I often felt constrained. I now want to build a movement where social justice and pluralism are central,” he said.

Annamalai revealed that the idea of launching a new political movement began taking shape during his fellowship at Oxford University in September-November 2024.

“My fellowship in Oxford in Sept-Oct-Nov 2024 gave a lot of time for me to look politics from an academic perspective. I spent time studying democracies across the world and reflecting on why young political movements are growing. The period after the 2024 Lok Sabha elections gave me time to think deeply about the future of politics. I felt my time was up in a national policy framework,” he said.

According to Annamalai, he discussed his thoughts with the BJP leadership in December 2025, but the party felt it was not the right time for him to leave. Eventually, on 1 June, he informed the leadership that he intended to part ways.

“I said politely that I disagreed with their viewpoints. So, it’s better for me to go and create something independent with a group of people,” he said.

He also described his final discussions with the BJP leadership, stating that he wanted to leave the party “with dignity.”

“I continue to respect Prime Minister Narendra Modi and other BJP leaders. I had long discussions with the leadership. I said, when I want to walk out, I want to walk out with dignity. I will not write an email or issue a statement from Tamil Nadu. So, my resignation has to be accepted. And that is why the party has also accepted my resignation. Then I walked out. Of course, they tried to persuade me to stay, but I argued my case,” he said.

Rejecting suggestions that actor-turned-Chief Minister Vijay’s rise influenced his decision, Annamalai said he had always welcomed new entrants into politics.

“No. I have always supported new people entering politics. Sometimes you need a cult or a cinema star with a very strong cinematic sense to break certain things that were holding politics back — money power, caste equations. I am very happy that Vijay’s TVK has broken that. Charisma, however, can only take politics so far. Tamil Nadu needs governance centric, evidence-based leaders coming, getting elected, standing before people and taking politics to the next level,” he said.

Annamalai reiterated that since 2022 he had consistently maintained that the BJP should grow independently in Tamil Nadu and preserve its distinct political identity.

“My position was clear from 2022. I believed BJP should grow independently in Tamil Nadu and maintain its own identity. I never supported AIADMK coming in. Then the party, which wanted me to contest, couldn’t find me a seat. I obeyed the party as a karyakarta, but over time I felt strategic mistakes accumulated. Tamil Nadu politics, in my view, cannot be driven by decisions taken far away from the state,” he said.

Assessing the recent Assembly election, Annamalai attributed Vijay’s victory primarily to strong anti-incumbency against the DMK.

“Anti-incumbency against DMK was so strong, one of the reasons for Vijay’s victory. The groundwork against DMK govt had already been laid. I expected Vijay to do well, though I did not expect such a large vote share. Kongu region gave him a major late surge that proved decisive,” he said.

Asked why the DMK lost power, Annamalai replied, “The DMK govt was very corrupt. It was perceived to be corrupt and felt to be corrupt.”

Despite political differences with the TVK government, Annamalai said the new administration should be given time to govern.

“Give Vijay one year. He is new to governance and deserves time to establish himself. We can offer constructive criticism and guidance, but he should be allowed the space to govern,” he said.

Commenting on allegations of post-election horse-trading, Annamalai criticised the prevailing political culture.

“The moment you see power, you forsake all principles. It shows what level the root is rotten in Tamil Nadu politics. People who campaigned against Vijay suddenly joined him after the election. Such developments hurt democratic culture and force unnecessary by-elections,” he said.

On AIADMK’s defeat, Annamalai argued that political parties must evolve with changing voter expectations.

“The writing is on the wall. Leaders have to adapt, change to circumstance, be more flexible, have this proper spirit of friendship and cooperation and alliance. The voter profile has changed. Young voters think differently. Politics has changed, political parties have to change, otherwise they are doomed,” he said.

Explaining the philosophy behind “We, The Leaders,” Annamalai said the movement would promote evidence-based governance, institutional reforms and leadership renewal.

“I want politics that is evidence-based, governance-focused and positive. We will have term limits, age limits and post limits. Politics should not revolve around one leader for decades. It should be a movement that continuously renews itself with younger leaders and fresh ideas. Politics should be a free flow of ideas and a movement. Like our old Tamil saying, ‘Pazhaiyana Kazhithalaum, Puthiyana Puguthalum’, the old order changes, yielding place to new. Annamalai right now, 20 years from now Annamalai will be stale,” he said.

He also maintained that national parties, including the BJP, do not fully understand Tamil Nadu’s political and cultural landscape.

“Yes, 100%. National parties don’t speak language of Tamil Nadu. That is my very genuine criticism of all parties, including BJP. Language is not merely translation. It is culture, social fabric and understanding how a state functions,” he said.

Speaking about his future relationship with the BJP leadership, Annamalai said his interactions with Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Union Home Minister Amit Shah would remain cordial but would no longer be personal.

“This is an independent organisation. We will support India’s foreign policy and national security interests irrespective of who is in power. Relationships (with Modi and Amit Shah) will continue to remain civilised relationship, but not a friendly relationship,” he said.

Rejecting speculation that his new movement was backed by either the BJP or the RSS, Annamalai said his decision to quit the BJP had come at considerable personal cost.

“I disagree. By leaving BJP, I had more to lose than gain. My future actions and the conduct of this movement will be the best answer to such speculation,” he said.

Annamalai said “We, The Leaders” is not yet a political party and will not contest by-elections.

“Byelections is not our game. It is for somebody doing murky dealings. For a movement to become a political party, it’s a process. We currently have nearly 19 lakh members. Once we reach 50 lakh members, we can begin a political conversation. We want to launch Abdul Kalam fellowship for young political leaders, groom them, guide them for a year, take care of their expenses, give them that financial freedom to go to grassroots, experience the joy of service,” he said.

Asked whether his ultimate ambition was to become Chief Minister, Annamalai said leadership should not revolve around a single individual.

“I do not think politics should revolve around one person. If there is somebody better suited for a role, that person should take it… We want to bring a change to this culture. Probably, people will like it and give us an opportunity, come 2031 or whenever election happens,” he said.

He also ruled out the possibility of an alliance with another political party at present.

“As of now I don’t see that we will merge with somebody, mingle with somebody, have a deal with somebody, an alliance with somebody. It is a difficult path, but we want to offer a genuinely fresh political alternative,” he said.

Asked who he regarded as his political enemy, Annamalai replied, “Bad political culture is our enemy. We want politics centred on ordinary people and democratic values.”

On the possibility of aligning with Vijay in the future, Annamalai said, “We are against any degrading political culture. We are very different from TVK. We are very different from Vijay’s model of politics.”

Annamalai also disclosed that he had played an active role in bringing TTV Dhinakaran and O. Panneerselvam into the NDA.

“I am one person, who continuously pushed for Dhinakaran and Panneerselvam to be a part of an extended NDA. Dhinakaran is a person with whom I share valuable friendship. It is unfortunate what happened to OPS. That will always haunt me. It was one of the saddest days of my life. I made my misgivings very clear to the party when OPS joined DMK,” he said.

He further claimed that a BJP-AIADMK-TVK alliance would have benefited the DMK electorally.

“If AIADMK-BJP-TVK alliance had happened, I would say DMK would have come back to power. This election showed that people saw chemistry more than arithmetic,” he said.

Responding to remarks that he had been an “experiment” for the BJP, Annamalai said the party alone could evaluate that experiment.

“That is for BJP to say. I can very proudly say Annamalai was always Annamalai within BJP. I remained a strong nationalist and someone committed to making Tamil Nadu number one,” he said.

Asked if he regretted leaving the BJP after the party invested heavily in him, he replied, “No regrets. I gave my best to BJP and BJP gave me opportunities. I think it’s a fair compromise where the party gave me an opportunity and I also did my best as a karyakartha.”

On his identity, Annamalai said, “I am an Indian first always. But I am proud to be a Tamilian. I have lived and worked across India and always put my Indian identity first. At the same time, I want Tamil Nadu to become the best-performing state in the country.”

Looking ahead, he concluded, “I honestly do not know. What matters is that people should see We, The Leaders as a movement building a healthy political culture and laying the foundation for a better future for Tamil Nadu.”

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NIA Names Absconding Paediatrician Dr Muzafar Ahmad Rather, Brother Of Co-Accused Dr Adil Rather, As Mastermind Behind 2025 Delhi Blast

NIA Names Absconding Paediatrician Dr Muzafar Ahmad Rather, Brother Of Co-Accused Dr Adil Rather, As Mastermind Behind 2025 Delhi Blast

The National Investigation Agency (NIA) has filed a supplementary chargesheet against three more accused, including an absconding paediatrician alleged to be a founding member of an Al-Qaeda-linked terror module, in connection with the vehicle-borne improvised explosive device (VBIED) blast near Delhi’s Red Fort on 10 November 2025 that claimed 11 lives, as reported in The Print.

The supplementary chargesheet was filed before the NIA Special Court at Patiala House Courts, New Delhi. With the latest filing, the total number of accused chargesheeted in the case has risen to 13, including deceased prime accused Dr Umer Un Nabi, who was driving the explosive-laden vehicle and died in the blast.

The three newly chargesheeted accused have been identified as Zameer Ahmad Ahanger, Tufail Ahmad Bhat, and absconding paediatrician Dr Muzafar Ahmad Rather, also known as Faraz and Zafar. All three are natives of Jammu and Kashmir.

According to the NIA, Dr Muzafar Ahmad Rather, an MBBS and MD-qualified paediatrician, is the elder brother of co-accused Dr Adil Ahmed Rather, who was arrested prior to the blast. The agency has identified Muzafar as one of the founding members of “AGuH Interim” (Ansar Ghazwat-ul-Hind Interim), which it describes as an offshoot of Al-Qaeda.

The supplementary chargesheet alleges that Muzafar was one of the principal architects of the conspiracy behind the Red Fort bombing, along with deceased accused Dr Umer Un Nabi, Muzammil, Dr Adil Ahmed Rather, and Mufti Irfan.

According to the NIA, its investigation has revealed that Muzafar attended a secret meeting at Eidgah in Srinagar in June 2022 during which AGuH Interim was formed. The agency alleges that the organisation emerged after members regrouped following an unsuccessful attempt to reach Afghanistan through Turkey.

The NIA has further alleged that Muzafar played a central role in the manufacture, testing and concealment of Triacetone Triperoxide (TATP)-based improvised explosive devices at a clandestine facility allegedly operated by Dr Umer and Muzammil inside Al-Falah University in Faridabad. Investigators have identified TATP as the explosive used in the Red Fort blast.

Officials said a Non-Bailable Warrant (NBW) has been issued against Muzafar, who remains absconding, and efforts are continuing to trace and arrest him.

Uttar Pradesh Link Widens

The supplementary chargesheet expands the Uttar Pradesh dimension of the investigation, particularly focusing on Saharanpur, where co-accused Dr Adil Ahmed Rather had worked at a private hospital for nearly a year before his arrest on 7 November 2025, just three days before the bombing, as reported in Hindustan Times.

The latest development comes around six weeks after the NIA filed its 7,500-page main chargesheet on 14 May 2026. That chargesheet named two doctors with Uttar Pradesh connections—Lucknow resident Dr Shaheen Saeed and Saharanpur-based physician Dr Adil Ahmed Rather—as accused in what investigators described as a radicalised terror network operating under AGuH Interim.

According to the NIA’s earlier investigation, Dr Adil allegedly used his position within the medical fraternity to establish and maintain contacts across multiple states and expand the network’s reach.

Following his arrest, teams from the Uttar Pradesh Anti-Terrorism Squad (ATS), Jammu and Kashmir Police and central intelligence agencies examined CCTV footage, attendance records, communication data and other documentary evidence to reconstruct his activities during his stay in Saharanpur.

Hospital colleagues had described Dr Adil as quiet, reserved and professionally competent, stating that he primarily handled outpatient consultations and surgeries during his tenure at the private hospital.

Arms, Cash And Logistics

The supplementary chargesheet also details the alleged roles of the other two newly chargesheeted accused.

According to the NIA, Zameer Ahmad Ahanger functioned as an overground worker (OGW) for AGuH Interim and remained in regular contact with the module’s handlers. He allegedly acted as a courier, transporting cash, arms and ammunition for the terror network.

Tufail Ahmad Bhat, described by the agency as a former overground worker of the Pakistan-based banned terrorist organisation Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), allegedly served as the module’s arms supplier.

The NIA alleges that Tufail procured one AK-47 rifle, one Krinkov rifle, one pistol, magazines and live ammunition through a network of dead drops orchestrated by a handler. These weapons were allegedly delivered to deceased prime accused Dr Umer Un Nabi in exchange for ₹3 lakh.

Investigation Continues

The NIA stated that investigators have reconstructed the conspiracy using detailed forensic examinations, geo-location mapping of conspiracy sites, digital evidence and granular financial trail analysis.

According to the agency, the investigation has uncovered what it describes as a structured network of radicalised professionals and operatives functioning across multiple states, with the arrest of Dr Adil Ahmed Rather in Saharanpur emerging as one of the earliest breakthroughs in the probe.

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